Ecological Health & Function

Flow Regime

CATEGORY: Biotic Community

hydrograph indicator

Native Fish Indicator

The native fish indicator is focused on percent native fish, as well as presence of certain native fish species such as Mountain Whitefish. Fish population monitoring, usually conducted via electrofishing surveys, is typically used to determine fish species composition, density estimates, age or size class distribution, and other metrics related to the health of the fishery.

Colorado Parks and Wildlife actively manages and removes non-native, invasive species to protect the state’s ecosystems and native wildlife. To that end, most of the available fishery data in the Yampa River basin results from non-native species removal efforts as opposed to fish population monitoring efforts. This means that available data does not always paint a clear picture of the relative abundance of different fish species in a particular reach, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the health of the fishery based on existing data alone.

Through the Yampa River Scorecard Project, FOTY and partners are making an effort to collect data regarding fish species presence/absence and relative abundance in locations where existing data are sparse and conditions allow for backpack electroshocking efforts (e.g., smaller headwater reaches or side channels that flow late in the season).

Indicator score by Segment

Elk River
Segment

Score coming 2026

Lower Yampa
Segment

Score coming 2027

Native Fish of the Yampa River

Native Salmonids
Mountain Whitefish

Mountain Whitefish

CO River Cutthroat Trout

CO River Cutthroat Trout

Colorado River cutthroat trout and mountain whitefish are the only native salmonid species of the Upper Yampa. Other salmonids include brown trout and rainbow trout, and while these are enthusiastically fished by anglers, these two species are not native to the Yampa River.

(Photo credits: K. Rogers, CPW)

The “Three Species”
Bluehead Sucker

Bluehead Sucker

Flannelmouth Sucker

Flannelmouth Sucker

Roundtail Chub

Roundtail Chub

Bluehead sucker, flannelmouth sucker, and roundtail chub frequently inhabit the same waters and are commonly referred to as the “Three Species” in management and conservation plans.

(Photo credit, K. Rogers, CPW)

Widely Distributed Native Species
Speckled Dace

Speckled Dace

Mottled Sculpin

Mottled Sculpin

Speckled dace and mottled sculpin are the only Western Slope native fish species that have not experienced a basinwide decline in their population distribution and numbers.

(Photo Credit, K. Rogers, CPW)

Threatened and Endangered Native Fish
Bonytail

Bonytail

Colorado Pikeminnow

Colorado Pikeminnow

Humpback Chub

Humpback Chub

Razorback Sucker

Razorback Sucker

Four rare native fishes: bonytail, humpback chub, Colorado pikeminnow, and razorback sucker are either threatened or endangered and only live in the Colorado River Basin. Thanks to the Yampa River’s near-natural annual flows, Dinosaur National Monument provides some of the last known spawning and nursery habitat for these rare big river species.

(Photo Credits, Upper CO River Recovery Program)

TO LEARN MORE on the native fish species found in the Yampa River, please click on the below links:

What else goes into the scoring?